Do Farmers Need a CDL?

Farmers don’t always need a CDL (Commercial Driver’s License), but it depends on what type of vehicle they’re driving, where they’re driving it, and how it’s being used. In many cases, farmers are exempt from CDL requirements when hauling their own equipment or crops within a limited distance from their farm—usually up to 150 air miles—and only within their own state. However, if they’re driving across state lines, hauling for hire, transporting hazardous materials, or operating large commercial vehicles outside of the farm exemption, a CDL may be required. Understanding these rules and exemptions is essential to staying legal and safe on the road.

When Do Farmers Need a CDL?

A CDL is required when you’re operating a vehicle that falls under commercial use, usually when it’s:

Over 26,001 pounds
Carrying hazardous materials
Designed to carry 16 or more passengers

But here’s the kicker: there are exemptions for farm-related driving. That’s right—farmers may not need a CDL if they meet certain conditions.

CDL Exemptions for Farmers

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) provides a “farm exemption” that helps small and midsize farm operations avoid the red tape of a CDL—if they meet the criteria. Here’s what qualifies:

Intrastate driving only (within your own state)
Vehicle must be used to transport farm goods, machinery, or supplies
Must be owned and operated by the farmer or farm employee
Typically, must operate within 150 air miles from the farm

Note: These rules can vary by state, so it’s important to check with your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to know exactly what’s allowed.

When a Farmer Would Need a CDL

You might need a CDL if:

You’re hauling goods for someone else (not your farm)
You’re crossing state lines and don’t qualify for the exemption
You’re driving a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) not covered under the farm exemption
You’re hauling hazardous materials, like fertilizers or pesticides

Example: If you’re helping a neighbor transport hay for money, and crossing into another state? You may need a CDL.

Why Some Farmers Choose to Get a CDL

Even if it’s not required, getting a CDL can open some surprising doors. Here’s why it might be worth considering:

Extra Income During Off-Season
When harvest is over, you might want to pick up some trucking gigs on the side. With a CDL, you’re licensed to haul commercially—legally and safely.

Flexibility
Whether you’re helping other farms, doing custom harvest work, or moving machinery across state lines, a CDL gives you more freedom to operate legally.

Insurance Perks
Some insurance companies give better rates if the driver has a CDL, since it proves they’ve passed a more rigorous driving test.

Peace of Mind
No second-guessing whether you’re compliant with federal and state regulations.

Questions Farmers Often Ask About Getting a CDL

So, you’re thinking about getting a CDL—smart move. Here are a few common ones we hear from farmers (and farm employees), along with helpful links to dive deeper:

How much does it cost to get a CDL?

Costs can vary depending on your state, the type of CDL you need (Class A, B, etc.), and the training program you choose. Generally, you can expect to spend $3,000–$7,000 for a full training program. But there may be financial aid or grants available for farmers and rural workers.

How long does it take to get a CDL?

If you’re doing full-time training, you can often complete the program in as little as 3–6 weeks. Part-time options may take a bit longer but are more flexible during the busy farm season.

Do I need to go to a CDL school, or can I learn on my own?

As of 2022, the FMCSA requires most new drivers to complete Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) from an approved provider. That means self-teaching isn’t enough—you’ll need to attend a certified program.

Get Started

Ready to get a CDL or just have questions? Fill out the form below and a career specialist will be in contact soon.